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Question

Consider the following exothermic reaction at equilibrium:

N2 (g) +3 H2 (g) <---> 2NH3 (g)

Predict how the following changes affect the number of moles of each component of the system after equilibrium is reestab- lished by completing the table below. Complete the table with the terms increase, decrease, or no change. 

 

               N2 H2 NH3

Add N2 

Remove H2

Add NH3

Add Ne 

Increase the temp

Decrease the temp

Decrease the volume

Add a catalyst

Answer 1

Step 1:

The chemical equation is .

According to Le-chatelier principle,it states that when a system is at equilibrium and it is subjected to a stress, it will shift its equilibrium point to relieve the stress.

I. Addition or Removal of Reactant or Product:

If a reactant is added, the reaction shifts to the right & increases the concentration of the products.

If a product is added, the reaction shifts to the left & increases the concentration of the reactants.

If a reactant is removed, the reaction shifts to the left & decreases the concentration of the products. 

If a product is removed, the reaction shifts to the right & decreases the concentration of the reactant.

The equilibrium value(k ) remains the same whenever a reactant or product is added or removed from the system.

II. Temperature Changes

In an endothermic reaction, an increase in temperature shifts right and increases the concentration of the products.

In an exothermic reaction, an increase in temperature shifts left and increases the concentration of the reactants.

In an endothermic reaction, a decrease in temperature shifts left and decreases the concentration of the products. 

In an exothermic reaction, a decrease in temperature shifts right and decreases the concentration of the reactants.

III. Volume changes:

If the volume of the gas is reduced, the concentrations of all reactants and products are simultaneously increased.

If the volume of the gas is increased, the concentrations of all reactants and products are simultaneously decreased.

IV. Catalysts

Catalysts only speed up a reaction and do not affect the concentration of the reactants or products or the equilibrium value.

V. Adding an unreactive species

Adding an unreactive species, such as nitrogen gas or helium, has no influence upon the reaction, because such species are neither reactants nor products in the reaction.

Solution: