$\"\"$

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The expression is $\"\"$ .

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$\"\"$ (Substitute $\"\"$ )

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For every number $\"\"$ , where b, c, d $\"\"$

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$\"\"$ (Multiply by the reciprocal of $\"\"$ is $\"\"$ )

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$\"\"$ (Product of two different signs is negative)

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$\"\"$ (If $\"\"$ )

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$\"\"$ (Cancel common terms)

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$\"\"$ (Multiply numerators: $\"\"$ )

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$\"\"$ (Multiply denominators: $\"\"$ ) $\"\"$

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The quotient of $\"\"$ is $\"\"$ .