The polynomial is .
Horizontal method:
\Subtract by adding its additive inverse.
(The additive inverse of
is
)
(Group like terms)
(Apply additive inverse property:
)
(Add:
)
(Apply additive inverse property:
)
\
The value of .
Vertical method:
\Align like terms in columns and subtract by adding the additive inverse.
\
Thus, The value of .
The value of .