$\"\"$

The functions are $\"\"$ and $\"\"$ .

Graph:

Graph the fucnctions $\"\"$ and $\"\"$ .

$\"\"$

Observe the graph:

The graph of $\"\"$ is translated vertically down by $\"\"$ units to obtain the graph $\"\"$ .

$\"\"$

The graph of $\"\"$ is translated vertically down by $\"\"$ units to obtain the graph $\"\"$ .