(a)

The parent function is .

Because the graph of the function is :

Let be the function of given graph.

Observe the two graphs f and g, the graph of g is a reflection in the x - axis followed by an upward shift of one unit of the graph of .

Thus, the equation of the graph is .

(b)

The parent function is .

Because the graph of the function is :

Let be the function of given graph.

Observe the graphs f and g : \ \

The graph of g is horizontal shift of one unit to the right followed by an upward shift of one unit of the graph .

Thus, the equation of the graph is .

(c)

The parent function is .

Because the graph of the function is :

Let be the function of given graph.

Observe the two graphs f and g :

The graph of g is a horizontal shift of three units to the left followed by a reflection in the x - axis followed by a downward shift of one unit of the graph .

Thus, the equation of the graph is .

(d)

The parent function is .

Because the graph of the function is :

Let be the function of given graph.

Observe the two graphs of f and g :

The graph of g is a horizontal shift of ten units to the right followed by a downward shift of four units of the graph .

Thus, the equation of the graph is .

(a) .

(b) .

(c) .

(d) .