$\"\"$

The function is $\"\"$ .

Apply first derivative on each side with respect to $\"\"$ .

$\"\"$

Quotient rule of derivatives : $\"\"$ .

$\"\"$

$\"\"$ .

Apply second derivative on each side with respect to $\"\"$ .

$\"\"$ .

Quotient rule of derivatives : $\"\"$ .

$\"\"$

$\"\"$ .

Determine the values of $\"\"$ at which $\"\"$ or $\"\"$ does not exist.

$\"\"$ .

$\"\"$

$\"\"$ .

The values are $\"\"$ , $\"\"$ .

$\"\"$

Test for concavity in the intervals $\"\"$ , $\"\"$ and $\"\"$ .

\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \

$\"\"$

The function is concave upward in the interval $\"\"$ and $\"\"$ .

The function is concave downward in the interval $\"\"$ .