$\"\"$

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The relation between the rectangular and polar coordinates is $\"\"$ and $\"\"$ .

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Consider the $\"\"$ .

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Divide each side by $\"\"$ .

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$\"\"$

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Reciprocal identity: $\"\"$ .

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$\"\"$ .

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Consider the $\"\"$ .

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Divide each side by $\"\"$ .

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$\"\"$

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Reciprocal identity: $\"\"$ .

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$\"\"$ .

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$\"\"$

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$\"\"$ and $\"\"$ .