The parent function is $\"\"$ .

The functions are $\"\"$ and $\"\"$ and $\"\"$ .

(a)

The function is $\"\"$ .

The function is in the form of $\"\"$ .

The graph of $\"\"$ translated the graph of $\"\"$ vertically $\"\"$ units upwards and reflects negative portion of the graph about $\"\"$ -axis.

$\"\"$

(b)

The function is $\"\"$ .

The function is in the form of $\"\"$

The graph of $\"\"$ shrinks the graph of $\"\"$ vertically by a factor of $\"\"$ units and rotated about its $\"\"$ -axis.

$\"\"$

(c)

The function is $\"\"$ .

The function is in the form of $\"\"$ .

The graph of $\"\"$ shrinks the graph of $\"\"$ vertically by a factor of $\"\"$ units and shifts the graph of $\"\"$ horizontally $\"\"$ unit leftside.

$\"\"$

(a). The graph of $\"\"$ translated the graph of $\"\"$ vertically $\"\"$ units upwards and reflects negative portion of the graph about $\"\"$ -axis.

(b). The graph of $\"\"$ shrinks the graph of $\"\"$ vertically by a factor of $\"\"$ units and rotated about its $\"\"$ -axis.

(c). The graph of $\"\"$ shrinks the graph of $\"\"$ vertically by a factor of $\"\"$ units and shifts the graph of $\"\"$ horizontally $\"\"$ unit leftside.